В статьях данного раздела сайта использованы следующие сокращения:

• АДТ — андроген-депривационная терапия
• ВБП — выживаемость без прогрессирования
• ВКМ — внеклеточный матрикс
• ВММ — вялотекущая множественная миелома
• ДИ — доверительный интервал
• ДНК — дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота
• ДРЩЖ — дифференцированный рак щитовидной железы
• ИЛ — интерлейкин
• ИП — ингибитор протеасомы
• КМ — костные метастазы
• КТ — компьютерная томография
• ЛТ — лучевая терапия
• МВА — микроволновая абляция
• микроРНК — микрорибонуклеиновая кислота
• ММ — множественная миелома
• МПК — метастатическое поражение костей
• мПКК — метастатическая почечно-клеточная карцинома
• МРТ — магнитно-резонансная томография
• НДММ — недавно диагностированная множественная миелома
• НМРЛ — немелкоклеточный рак легкого
• ОВ — общая выживаемость
• ОР — относительный риск
• ПКК — почечно-клеточная карцинома
• ПММА — полиметилметакрилат
• ПМН — преметастатическая ниша
• ПСА — простат-специфический антиген
• ПТГ — паратиреоидный гормон
• ПЭТ — позитронно-эмиссионная томография
• РКИ — рандомизированное контролируемое исследование
• РНК — рибонуклеиновая кислота
• РРММ — рецидивирующая/рефрактерная множественная миелома
• РЧА — радиочастотная абляция
• ССС — событие, связанное со скелетом
• ТИБ — трепан-биопсия
• ЦН — циторедуктивная нефрэктомия
• 2D — двумерный
• 3D — трехмерный
• 3DCRT — трехмерная конформная лучевая терапия (от англ. three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy)
• ASC-NSQIP-SRS — оценка, используемая в США для предсказания риска послеоперационных осложнений (от англ. american college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program — surgical risk score)
• ASCT — трансплантация аутологичных стволовых клеток (от англ. autologous stem cell transplantation)
• BCMA — антиген созревания B-клеток (от англ. B-cell maturation antigen)
• BED — биологически эффективная доза (от англ. biologically effective dose)
• BiTE — биспецифический энхансер T-клеток (от англ. bispecific T-cell engager) BKA — ампутация ниже колена (от англ. below-knee amputation) BKP — кифопластика (от англ. balloon kyphoplasty)
• BMDC — клетка из костного мозга (от англ. bone marrow-derived cell)
• BOMET-QoL — опросник «Качество жизни при костных метастазах» (от англ. Bone metastasis quality of life questionnaire)
• CAD/CAM — автоматизированное проектирование и компьютерное моделирование (от англ. computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing)
• CAF — ассоциированные с раком фибробласты (от англ. cancer-associated fibroblasts)
• CAR — химерный антигенный рецептор (от англ. chimeric antigen receptor)
• CaSR — кальций-чувствительный рецептор (от англ. calcium-sensing receptor)
• CDK — циклинзависимая киназа (от англ. cyclin-dependent kinase)
• CTGF — фактор роста соединительной ткани (от англ. connective tissue growth factor)
• CTT — классическая теория тестов (от англ. classical test theory)
• CXCL12 — хемокиновый (C-X-C мотива) лиганд 12 (от англ. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12)
• CXCR4 — хемокиновый (C-X-C мотива) рецептор 4 (от англ. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4)
• EBRT — дистанционная лучевая терапия (от англ. external beam radiation therapy)
• EGF — эпидермальный фактор роста (от англ. epidermal growth factor)
• EGFR — рецептор эпидермального фактора роста (от англ. epidermal growth factor receptor)
• EQ-5D — опросник качества жизни EQ-5D (от англ. EuroQol 5 Dimensions questionnaire)
• ER — рецептор эстрогена (от англ. estrogen receptor)
• ET-1 — эндотелин-1 (от англ. endothelin-1)
• ETAR — рецептор эндотелина A (от англ. endothelin a receptor)
• FDA — Управление по контролю качества пищевых продуктов и лекарственных препаратов США (от англ. Food and drug administration)
• FISH — флюоресцентная in situ гибридизация (от англ. fluorescent in situ hybridization)
• GDNF — глиальный нейротрофический фактор (от англ. glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor)
• HAp — гидроксиапатит (от англ. hydroxyapatite)
• HER2 — рецептор 2 эпидермального фактора роста человека (от англ. human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
• HIF — фактор, индуцируемый гипоксией-1 (от англ. hypoxia-inducible factor 1)
• HR — гормонально-рецепторный (от англ. hormone receptor)
• HSPC — гемопоэтическая стволовая клетка и клетка-предшественник (от англ. hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell)
• I-131 — йод-131 (от англ. Iodine-131)
• IGF — инсулиноподобный фактор роста (от англ. insulin-like growth factor)
• IMRT — лучевая терапия с модулированием интенсивности (от англ. intensity-modulated radiation therapy)
• IMWG — Международная рабочая группа по миеломе (от англ. International myeloma working group)
• IRT — теория тестовых заданий (от англ. item response theory)
• ITT — анализ по принципу «назначенное лечение» (от англ. intention-to-treat analysis)
• JNK — Jun N-терминальная киназа (от англ. c-Jun N-terminal kinase)
• KPS — оценка общего состояния пациента по шкале Карновского (от англ. Karnofsky performance status)
• KRD — комбинация карфилзомиб + леналидомид + дексаметазон (от англ. carfilzomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone)
• MAPK — митоген-активируемая протеинкиназа (от англ. mitogen-activated protein kinase)
• MAUI — многопараметровые инструменты полезности (от англ. multi-attribute utility instruments)
• M-CSF — колониестимулирующий фактор макрофагов (от англ. macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
• MESCC — метастатическая эпидуральная компрессия спинного мозга (от англ. metastatic epidural spinal cord compression)
• MGUS — моноклональная гаммапатия неопределенного значения (от англ. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance)
• mTOR — мишень рапамицина млекопитающих (от англ. mammalian target of rapamycin)
• NCCN — Национальная сеть многопрофильных онкологических учреждений США (от англ. National comprehensive cancer network)
• NF-kB — ядерный фактор транскрипции kB (от англ. nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)
• NGF — фактор роста нервов (от англ. nerve growth factor)
• NIR-PIT — фотоиммунотерапия в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне (от англ. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy)
• NMDA — N-метил-D-аспартат (от англ. N-methyl-D-aspartate)
• ODI — индекс инвалидности Освестри (от англ. Oswestry disability index)
• OOC — модель «орган-на-чипе» (от англ. organ-on-a-chip)
• OPG — остеопротегерин (от англ. osteoprotegerin)
• OPN — остеопонтин (от англ. osteopontin)
• PDGF — тромбоцитарный фактор роста (от англ. platelet-derived growth factor)
• PgR — рецептор прогестерона (от англ. progesterone receptor)
• PRBM — инструмент/опросник для оценки состояния здоровья (от англ. patient-reported based measure)
• PROM — показатель результатов, сообщаемых пациентом (от англ. patient-reported outcome measure)
• PROMIS — информационная система измерения результатов, сообщаемых пациентами (от англ. patient-reported outcomes measurement information system)
• PROMIS PROPr — система предпочтений, связанных с качеством жизни, в рамках PROMIS (от англ. PROMIS preference score for health-related quality of life)
• PRPM — показатель предпочтений пациента (от англ. patient-reported preference measure)
• QOL — качество жизни (от англ. quality of life)
• RAI — радиоактивный йод (от англ. radioactive iodine)
• RANK — рецептор активатора ядерного фактора каппа би (от англ. receptor activator of nuclear factor kB)
• RANKL — лиганд рецептора активатора ядерного фактора каппа би (от англ. receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand)
• RGD — аргинин-глицин-аспарагиновая кислота (от англ. arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)
• RVD — комбинация бортезомиб + леналидомид + дексаметазон (от англ. revlimid + velcade + dexamethasone)
• SABR — стереотаксическая аблятивная лучевая терапия (от англ. stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy)
• SBRT — стереотаксическая лучевая терапия (от англ. stereotactic body radiation therapy)
• SCT — трансплантация стволовых клеток (от англ. stem cell transplantation)
• SDF-1 — фактор стромальных клеток 1 (от англ. stromal cell-derived factor 1)
• SEER — Программа «Наблюдение, эпидемиология и конечные результаты» (от англ. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program)
• SF-36 — краткая форма опросника для оценки качества жизни (от англ. Short form-36 health survey questionnaire)
• SINS — шкала нестабильности при неопластических процессах в позвоночнике (от англ. spinal instability neoplastic score)
• SRS — стереотаксическая радиохирургия (от англ. stereotactic radiosurgery)
• SSG — Скандинавская группа по саркомам (от англ. Scandinavian sarcoma group)
• TESS — оценка функции конечностей Торонто (от англ. Toronto extremity salvage score)
• TGFβ — трансформирующий фактор роста бета (от англ. transforming growth factor beta)
• TKI — ингибитор тирозинкиназы (от англ. tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
• TMB — мутационная нагрузка опухоли (от англ. tumor mutational burden)
• TNBC — трижды негативный рак молочной железы (от англ. triple-negative breast cancer)
• TRPV1 — катионный канал переходного рецепторного потенциала V1 (от англ. transient receptor potential vanilloid 1)
• TUG — тест «встать и идти» (с отсчетом времени) (от англ. timed up and go test)
• VA — вертебральная аугментация (от англ. vertebral augmentation)
• VEGF — фактор роста эндотелия сосудов (от англ. vascular endothelial growth factor)
• WBS — сцинтиграфия всего организма (от англ. whole-body scintigraphy)

При подготовке статей по метастазам в кости на сайте МедикалПланет использованы труды исключительно признанных зарубежных авторов:

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1807. Dev Abraham, MD, MRCP (UK) Department of Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1808. John A. Abraham, MD Orthopedic Oncology, Rothman Institute Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
1809. Robert U. Ashford, MD, FRCS(Tr & Orth) Leicester Orthopedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
1810. Andrew Badke, MD Hospice and Palliative Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1811. Hilary P. Bagshaw, MD Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1812. Anna C. Beck, MD Supportive Oncology & Survivorship, Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1813. Nicholas M. Bernthal, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA, USA
1814. Shane E. Brogan, MBBCh Department of Anesthesiology, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1815. George T. Calvert, MD, MBA Division of Orthopedic Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
1816. Emily E. Carmody, MD Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
1817. Shamus R. Carr, MD Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
1818. Antonella Chiechi, MSc, PhD Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
1819. Denis R. Clohisy, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
1820. Matthew W. Colman, MD Section of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Orthopedic Surgery, Midwest Orthopedics at Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
1821. Sarah Colonna, MD, BA Oncology Department, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1822. George E. Whalen Veterans Administration Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1823. Anna R. Cooper, MD Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
1824. Terence J. Cudahy, MD Mid America Clinical Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA
1825. Judd E. Cummings, MD Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Surgical Oncology of Arizona, University of Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
1826. Christopher Dechet, MD, FACS Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1827. Laura B. Eisenmenger, MD Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1828. Noah Federman, MD Pediatrics, Joint Appointment in Orthopedics, UCLA
1829. David Geffen School of Medicine and Mattel Children’s Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
1830. Aaron E. Frodsham, MD Intervention Radiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1831. Arianna Gianakos, BSc Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
1832. Theresa A. Guise, MD Medicine and Pharmacology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
1833. Christina J. Gutowski, MD, MPH Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
1834. Vishal Hegde, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
1835. Amy Horyna, MSW, LCSW, OSW-C Patient and Family Support, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1836. Jonathan E. Jo, BS Metabolic Bone Disease, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
1837. Elie Klam, MD Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1838. Tibor Kovacsovics, MD Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1839. Joseph M. Lane, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
1840. Daniel M. Lerman, MD Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
1841. Amanda Loftin, BS Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Santa Monica UCLA Medical Center and Orthopedic Hospital, Santa Monica, CA, USA
1842. Patrik Luzny, MD Urology Department, University Hospital Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1843. Michael J. Monument, MD, MSc, FRCSC Musculoskeletal Oncology, Foothills Medical Center, Surgery Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
1844. Patrick W. O’Donnell, MD, PhD Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
1845. Daniel W. Odell, MD Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1846. Z. Deniz Olgun, MD Orthopedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
1847. Shawn L. Price, MD Norton Cancer Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
1848. Shannon K. T. Puloski, MD, FRCSC Musculoskeletal Oncology, Foothills Medical Center, Surgery Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
1849. R. Lor Randall, MD Department of Orthopedics, Primary Children’s Hospital, Sarcoma Services, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1850. Bruce T. Rougraff, MD Department of Orthopedics, Indiana Orthopedic Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
1851. William Ryan Spiker, MD Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1852. Srinivas K. Tantravahi, MBBS, MRCP Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1853. Jonathan D. Tward, MD, PhD Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
1854. Wakenda Tyler, MD, MPH Department of Orthopedic Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
1855. Russell Ward, MD Sarcoma Services, Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Central Division, Temple, TX, USA
1856. Nicholas P. Webber, MD Medical Directory, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Services, Aurora Cancer Care at
1857. Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
1858. Theresa L. Werner, MD Oncology Department, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

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Редактор: Искандер Милевски. Дата обновления публикации: 18.9.2026